现代观点
2017年05月号
医学进展
人物与学科
征文选登

访谈实录:中国的药物发展

作者:生命新知

2017年4月13日,中国环球电视网(China Global Television Network,CGTN)的“Point”节目邀请肖飞教授远程做客,探讨了中国药物发展与国际接轨的话题。以下是这次节目的访谈实录。

Liu: Welcome Professor Xiao Fei. The western drug market in China is dominated by generic drugs with its relatively weak R&D capability. Patients with serious diseases still have difficulty accessing the most innovative drugs that are available in the international markets. In terms of research and development of innovative drugs, where does China stand among its international counterparts?
刘(主持人):欢迎肖飞教授。由于研发能力较弱,中国的西药市场被仿制药所主导。患有严重疾病的患者在获得新药方面仍存在困难,而这些药物在国际市场上是可以买到的。在新药研发方面,中国在国际同行中处于什么位置?
Xiao: OK,actually , our status of pharmaceutical development in China only behaves like follower, because trace back to the history of drug development, actually new China being blocked by western countries for close to 30 years and the new pharmaceutical business just restart after this reform period, just after 1978, so China gradually build up this modern manufacture facilities and match with the western country standard like GMP. So, at first, China focus on this manufactory, and then behave like a copycat, and there was no intellectual property protection before 1986, so China can do whatever they like to copy the western countries’ products without any hurdle. And then, after 1993, China and US signed an intellectual property protection treaty. And then the pharmaceutical sectors have to respect the international patent right and have to follow the rules of international and have to wait and observe the development of the western country in pharmaceutical sectors and do generic development after the patent expired. So the tradition is keep up to today, and China realize innovation is the first key strength in the future. So just catch up to do R&D, but this takes time to catch up with the Western country.
肖:事实上,中国药物研发的现状就像是追随者。因为,回顾药物发展的历史,新中国被西方国家封锁了近30年,改革开放时期,即1978年后,新的制药工业才重新开始。那以后,中国逐渐建立了现代化制药工厂,开始符合西方国家的相关标准,如GMP。起初,中国专注于生产,之后表现得像个模仿者。在1986年以前,中国没有知识产权保护,因此中国可以任意仿制西方国家的产品,而没有任何障碍。1993年后,中国与美国签署了知识产权保护备忘录。因此,制药公司不得不尊重专利,不得不遵守国际规则,必须等到西方药企药物专利过期后再进行仿制药的开发。这一传统至今仍未改变。但中国已经意识到,创新是未来的第一生产力。所以开始追赶,但追赶上西方国家仍需要一段时间。
Liu: China has been catching up pretty fast, statistics from Nature index indicate that essays and articles written by Chinese experts and published in the top international journal of life sciences have increased from 4000 in 2012 to 6500 in 2015 , only secondary to the United States. However, the application or commercialization of the academic scientific outcome of publication is relative low. Why? Are there any best practices China can learn from other countries?
刘:中国追赶的速度很快,自然指数的统计显示,中国专家发表在顶级生命科学杂志上的论文数已从2012年的4000篇上升至2015年的6500篇,这一数字仅次于美国。然而,这些学术成果的应用和商业化仍然较低。这是为什么?中国能从其他国家借鉴到什么经验?

Xiao: Yes. That’s true. Chinese scientific research publication is catching up with US, and listed as the second largest publication contributed to the scientific society, however, after we do analysis on the quality of these publications, the original discovery, or the significant discovery, or invention generated by Chinese scholars, is still very rare. However, just a month ago, on the cover page of  Journal of Science, Chinese scholar generate four big pieces of paper, showing this artificial synthesis of the Chromosome, this happened in China, in Chinese life, as really did wonderful job to contribute to the basic science, we’re waiting for the miracle happened in near future, because we have already accumulated strength and a lot of data here in China, and government support  those research, and then can help this translational medicine, and eventually to convert this scientific discovery into invention, and then produce the valuable drugs to treat disease and heal the patients.
肖:的确是这样。中国科学文章的发表数紧追美国,给科学界贡献的论文数位列第二。不过,当我们分析这些文章的质量后可以发现,中国学者发现的原创性、重要性或创新性,仍然不高。然而,这一现状正在改善,1个月前,在《科学》杂志的封面上赫然出现了中国学者的4篇论文,展示了他们染色体人工合成的工作,即人造生命。这是中国人的工作,一项了不起的工作,对基础科学作出了贡献。我们期待在不远的将来发生奇迹,因为中国的制药工业已经积蓄了不少的力量和数据,同时得到了政府的支持,这些成果可以帮助到转化医学,最终将这些科学发现转化为发明,然后产出有价值的药物,治疗疾病、治愈患者。

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